In this article, we embark on a journey following a wind turbine technician and discover what is inside a wind turbine.
Let’s start with entering the wind turbine
The entry into the wind turbine is through a door at the base of the tower. Upon entering, the technician finds themselves in the lower part of the wind energy generator, where the control panels are located, overseeing various aspects of the turbine’s operation, such as wind speed and the status of the generator.
Read how our technicians take care of the Potęgowo wind farm:
Inside the tower, we can see cables running from the top to the generator, as well as safety systems. This level also houses a ladder and a service elevator, which transports technicians responsible for maintenance, repairs, and inspections of the installation. The elevator inside the turbine is also used for transporting equipment, tools, and spare parts.
The ride to the top can take several minutes, depending on the height of the turbine, which can reach several hundred meters.
At Electrum, we build wind farms and service turbines. Learn more about our services:
What will we find inside the top part of the wind turbine?
When we reach the top of the wind turbine, we find ourselves in the so-called nacelle, which is an enclosed cabin at the top of the tower, housing most of the key mechanisms of the entire installation. This includes the generator, gearbox, and control systems.
Now that you know what the inside a wind turbine looks like, if you want to learn more about the construction elements, from the foundations to the blades, read the article: Wind turbine components and construction
Let’s start with a short answer to the question posed in the title. The optimal solar panel tilt angle is the one that allows for capturing the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the year.
In this article, we will:
Explore the range of possible tilt angles for solar panels.
Analyze key factors that influence the choice of the optimal tilt angle.
Discuss revolutionary solar tracking technology.
Share useful links with additional resources on designing and building photovoltaic systems.
Explain how solar panel direction and angle affect efficiency and energy production.
Solar Panel Tilt Angle: Let’s Explore the Possible Options
This is a method of installing photovoltaic systems on flat roofs of buildings, although it is not very commonly used.
In this case, sunlight hits the panels at a sharp angle, especially in the morning and afternoon, which reduces the amount of energy they can capture.
This angle is not used for ground installations— the appropriate solar panel tilt angle for ground-mounted systems is greater to facilitate rainwater drainage and minimize shading.
Tilt Angles: So-Called Low Angles of About 10° to 20° (Climate of Andalusia)
This tilt angle for photovoltaic modules is most common in countries with a warm climate, where the sun is high in the sky for most of the year (e.g., southern Spain, Greece, United Arab Emirates).
Lower angles can help with better cooling of the panels, which increases their efficiency—this is significant in regions with high temperatures.
A low solar panel tilt angle may be desirable in areas where strong winds occur; a panel tilted this way has a smaller surface directly exposed to the wind.
The Ideal Solar Panel Tilt Angle in Poland: An Average Angle of About 30° to 40°
This angle allows for good energy production throughout the year in Poland and regions with a similar climate—providing a good balance between energy production in summer and winter.
The ideal solar panel tilt angle is always dependent on local conditions, so we cannot assume one perfect option for all locations in Poland.
In winter, this tilt angle for photovoltaic panels helps with natural cleaning of snow and debris.
Innovations: Adjusting the Tilt Angle of Solar Panels
In the case of more advanced photovoltaic installations, solar tracking systems can be used to automatically adjust the tilt angle of the panels throughout the day to maximize exposure to the sun.
At Electrum, we implement such projects. Read more about it:
Solar trackers allow for adjusting the tilt angle of the panels. With their help, it is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of photovoltaic panels and energy production.
Solar trackers follow the movement of the sun in the sky, adjusting the tilt angle of the panels in real time. They can rotate the panels both horizontally and vertically, allowing for optimal positioning throughout the day.
High Angle of About 50° to 60° (e.g., Scandinavian Countries)
This panel positioning is used in areas with low sunlight or to maximize efficiency in winter.
It is the optimal tilt angle for photovoltaic panels in many mountainous regions with a cool climate and where the sun shines low on the horizon during the winter months.
A high tilt angle for photovoltaic panels allows for easier snow sliding and water drainage.
90° Angle (Vertical Installations)
This is a rarely used solution that can be found in architectural installations where panels are mounted vertically.
It provides the opportunity to collect light in specific conditions, such as on building facades.
Choosing the best solar panel tilt angle: Location and Season
A detailed answer to the question of what is the best tilt angle for photovoltaic panels depends on several key factors.
During the design phase of a photovoltaic installation, we analyze all relevant factors and adjust the tilt angle of the panels to the specific project.
If you want to know more about designing photovoltaic farms, read:
Season – the efficiency of the panels in winter can be increased by modifying the tilt angles of the modules,
Type of structure – depending on the installation method (on a roof, on the ground, on a frame structure), the ideal tilt angle of the panels may vary,
Purpose of the PV installation – if the photovoltaic system aims to maximize energy production in summer or winter, the tilt angle can be adjusted accordingly,
Shading – if there are tall buildings, trees, or other obstacles nearby, the tilt angle can be adjusted to avoid shading the panels.
Another Important Matter: Solar panel direction
Solar panel direction, or in other words, the orientation of the photovoltaic panels, refers to the direction in which the panels are set concerning the horizon.
The orientation of solar photovoltaic panels, like the tilt angle, is crucial for maximizing energy production from the installation.
Southern direction
Panels facing south are a common solution in the Northern Hemisphere (including Poland). They provide the greatest exposure to sunlight throughout the day, resulting in higher energy production.
Eastern and Western direction
If southern orientation is not possible, eastern or western orientation can also be effective. Panels facing east will produce the most energy in the morning, while panels facing west will be more efficient in the afternoon.
Northern direction
In countries located closer to the equator, where the sun is high in the sky, northern orientation may be used (for example, to avoid overheating of the panels).
However, this type of module orientation is not a standard solution.
What is the best solar panel tilt angle? Summary
Finding the optimal solar panel tilt angle is a key element in designing an installation. The angle of sunlight incidence varies across different regions of the world, and adjusting the tilt of the panels and selecting the angle allows for optimizing the performance of a photovoltaic power plant.
The possible tilt angle of the panels ranges from 0° to 90°. The optimal tilt value for panels in Poland usually ranges from 30° to 40°. Proper positioning increases the efficiency of photovoltaic panels and, consequently, your profits.
If you need a trusted partner for the design and construction of photovoltaic installations, we invite you to: Contact
And if you want to learn more about how we build large-scale photovoltaic farms, check here:
Everto, a company within the Electrum Group—a leading Polish Climate Tech business—continues to strengthen its presence in the Lithuanian energy market by executing key renewable energy projects for top players in the sector. The company’s portfolio has expanded with the completion of a 22.1 MW solar power plant in Tauragė, for Ignitis Renewables, an international green energy company and one of the largest renewable project developers in the Baltics and Poland.
Electrum Group plays a crucial role in the rapidly growing renewable energy sector in Lithuania. A key element of Electrum’s international expansion is the operations of Everto, which offers a full range of services—from renewable energy project design and construction to maintenance and management—leveraging the expertise and know-how of Electrum Group, of which it is an integral part.
The Baltic region is a strategic direction for Electrum’s international growth, driving the Group to continuously elevate its standards. A testament to its high qualifications and compliance with Lithuanian construction regulations is the recently acquired SSVA (Statybos Sektoriaus Vystymo Agentūra) certification.
Everto at the heart of Lithuania’s energy transition
In Tauragė, a town in western Lithuania, the company completed the comprehensive construction of a photovoltaic farm on a 36.5-hectare site, covering the full range of activities (excluding design work) from site preparation and assembly to the final connection to the power grid. The project was carried out in cooperation with the Ignitis Group, which is developing an integrated business model to maximize the potential of green power generation by leveraging its extensive customer portfolio, as well as energy storage and grid infrastructure in the Baltic countries, Poland, and Finland.
Leveraging the resources of the Electrum Group, Everto was responsible for all underground work, including AC and DC cabling, grounding, and the execution and configuration of communication connections. The company also installed 1,204 tables, 58 inverters with a power of 352 kVA each, and 33,656 photovoltaic modules. The scope of work included building a medium-voltage line connecting the farm to a substation nearly 4 km away in Lauksargiai and developing local infrastructure, including the installation of KAS cabinets and energy analyzers.
“Our high qualifications and extensive experience in the installation and operation of energy equipment are confirmed by key VERT certifications and the recently obtained SSVA certification. These credentials allow us to execute large and complex renewable energy projects in Lithuania. We are proud to contribute to the development of a sustainable energy mix for our neighboring countries” said Aleksander Olszewski, Project Director at Electrum.
The Tauragė power plant, equipped with six transformer substations of 3,150 kVA each, generates 17 MW of electricity, which corresponds to an installed capacity of 22.1 MW, ensuring an efficient supply to the local power grid. The facility is fully operational, with construction taking place from May 15, 2023, and completed on July 11, 2024, demonstrating the high efficiency and professionalism of the Electrum Everto team.
Currently, the Group is executing Orlen Lietuva’s 42.2 MWp photovoltaic power plant project as part of the refinery modernization program in Mažeikiai. Everto’s activities align with the long-term strategy of supporting renewable energy sector development in all countries where the Electrum Group builds responsible partnerships.
About Electrum
The Electrum Group, based in Białystok, is a leading Polish Climate Tech business offering comprehensive solutions in the field of cutting-edge technologies for development, construction, and project management in the energy and information sectors. The technological maturity of its experts enables the delivery of products and services that address the needs of industry and business, adapting to the evolving energy transformation. Electrum develops and implements solutions for projects based on the concept of an individual energy mix, maintaining a balance between social and environmental responsibility and economic aspects.
Find out more about Electrum on our social media channels. Follow us on LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram.
ORLEN Lietuva, a subsidiary of ORLEN S.A., is executing an extensive modernization program at its Mažeikiai refinery, the only one in the Baltic States. Renewable energy is one of key pillars of this process so the refinery will soon be equipped with a 42.2 MWp photovoltaic power plant. The implementation of this project has been entrusted to Electrum, a leading Polish Climate Tech company.
ORLEN Lietuva, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ORLEN S.A., operates the most advanced refinery in the region and serves high quality products to Baltic States, Poland and Ukraine.
In response to market trends and changes in legislature, ORLEN Lietuva is undertaking an extensive modernization program aimed at ensuring the refinery meets future quality standards and market needs. So the refinery will be equipped with a state-of-the-art renewable energy source – a 42.2 MWp photovoltaic power plant. Its construction being managed by the Białystok-based company Electrum.
„We’re continue investing in modernization of our refinery to make it the most modern plant in our region. We will continue providing high quality products for our clients. Also, we will make this plant more resilient for various market conditions. The investment in renewable energy producing high-tech photovoltaic power plant is an important step in this journey” – says Marek Golębiewski, CEO of ORLEN Lietuva.
Solar Energy to Support the Refinery
As the general contractor, Electrum is responsible for executing the design and construction work, followed by the connection of the 42.2 MWp power plant. The scope of the design work includes preparing the building and execution designs, as well as obtaining the construction permit. The construction phase will involve building the PV power plant, installing a 6kV medium voltage connection, including the preparation of cable routes within the refinery, and modifying and adapting connection points in the existing medium voltage switchgear to accommodate the power plant. The contract also includes performing measurements, commissioning, and energizing the facility.
Thorough preparation of documentation, meticulous technical verification, and execution of construction while maintaining the highest quality standards are key elements to the successful implementation of the photovoltaic power plant project for the region’s only refinery. Electrum, with nearly three decades of experience in implementing renewable and hybrid energy projects across Central and Eastern Europe, has gained yet another opportunity to solidify its reputation as a reliable partner in delivering modern and eco-friendly energy solutions.
„Collaboration with ORLEN Lietuva demonstrates the crucial role ClimateTech technology plays in the energy sector and the growing awareness of climate risks. Such projects support energy efficiency and promote renewable energy sources, which are essential to our sustainability strategy” – commented Tomasz Taff, Member of the Management Board at Electrum Concreo.
Electrum Group from Białystok is expanding its operations in international markets, which is a key component of its global development strategy.
About Electrum
The Electrum Group, based in Białystok, is a leading Polish Climate Tech business offering comprehensive solutions in the field of cutting-edge technologies for development, construction, and project management in the energy and information sectors. The technological maturity of its experts enables the delivery of products and services that address the needs of industry and business, adapting to the evolving energy transformation. Electrum develops and implements solutions for projects based on the concept of an individual energy mix, maintaining a balance between social and environmental responsibility and economic aspects.
Find out more about Electrum on our social media channels. Follow us on LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram.
About ORLEN S.A. / ORLEN Lietuva
ORLEN Group is an integrated, diversified energy group, included in the prestigious Fortune Global 500 and Platts TOP250 lists. It was the first group in the region to announce its ambition to achieve climate neutrality targets in 2050. It has recently joined the list of the 150 largest companies in the world thanks to the completion of a number of recent mergers and acquisitions. ORLEN Group today operates in 10 markets: Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Slovakia, Hungary, Austria, Canada, Norway and Pakistan.
Industrial solar power can completely eliminate electricity bills and provide companies with full energy independence. The profitability of solar energy for companies is undeniable – a company utilizing solar energy is a company of the future.
How Does Industrial Photovoltaic Systems Work?
The power of an industrial solar installation is generated by converting solar energy into electricity using industrial solar panels. The operation of industrial solar power relies on large arrays of panels placed on the roofs of buildings or on designated areas. The energy produced by a solar investment can be:
directly used by the production facility,
stored,
or sold to the power grid.
Industrial solar power is gaining popularity rapidly. Green sources of electricity come with four solid benefits.
Benefits of solar energy for companies
Energy Independence and Financial Gains
Investing in an industrial solar power installation can make your business independent from fluctuating electricity prices, leading to significant long-term energy savings and security. Additional income can be generated from selling excess energy to the grid. The profitability of solar power for industrial use is hard to dispute. Energy independence in times of rising prices is a substantial safeguard for business.
Brand image
Eco-friendly solutions like renewable energy positively impact a company’s image among customers and business partners. By promoting and practicing eco-friendly actions, you build a reputation as a responsible and innovative enterprise, attracting new customers and investors.
Environmental Benefits
Solar for business is a progressive, clean energy source that reduces CO2 emissions and other harmful substances, contributing to environmental protection. The benefits of solar power for businesses extend beyond individual companies and industrial plants, supporting global efforts toward sustainable development.
Technological Benefits and Innovation
Solar power for industrial use represents a step toward modern and innovative technologies. Installing solar panels often coincides with implementing new energy management systems, increasing operational efficiency and profitability.
Companies choosing industrial solar panels can also benefit from advanced technological solutions, such as smart grids or industrial energy storage systems, leading to further savings and increased reliability.
Photovoltaic systems up to 50 kWp, which are predominant in our country. They reduce energy costs and are typically installed on the roofs of residential buildings or small businesses. These systems can meet the basic energy needs of a household or small company, making them ideal for businesses looking to reduce electricity costs.
Small Installations
From 50 kWp to 1 MWp, these installations benefit larger industrial companies and production plants, allowing significant energy savings and potential income from selling excess energy.
Large Installations
Above 1 MWp, these are designed for major industrial plants or solar farms, significantly impacting the energy balance of the region. They are ideal for companies seeking protection against energy price increases and investing in sustainable development.
Large Installation or Small Solar Installation?
What size of solar installation is suitable for companies? It all depends on the electricity demand. Solar power for manufacturing facilities: how to get started? You need to determine the energy needs of the company.
Steps to Implement Industrial Solar Power
Energy Consumption Analysis
To effectively plan the implementation of a solar installation, it is advisable to start with an analysis of energy consumption within the company. Reviewing electricity bills from the past 12 months helps to understand average monthly usage and identify seasonal fluctuations that may affect energy demand. It is also important to consider peak consumption hours, which is crucial for designing a cost-effective investment.
Tariff Structure Analysis
The next step is to understand the energy tariffs and fee structures that will determine the choice of solar power for industry. Different energy tariffs can significantly impact the savings from a solar installation, depending on the time of day and the level of energy consumption. Electricity costs can be substantially reduced if the system is optimized for the most expensive periods of consumption.
Consultation with Experts
Consultation with the energy network operator or an energy advisor is essential to obtain precise data on electricity consumption and the technical requirements for connecting the solar installation to the grid. Solar power for manufacturing facilities will offer different opportunities compared to solar power for small businesses. Experts will assist in selecting the appropriate size of the installation and advise on how to best optimize the system for the specific needs of the company, ensuring maximum benefits from the solar installation and proposing modern photovoltaic solutions.
Contact us >> We will be responsible for designing the solar installation, ensuring accurate installation, and providing monitoring solutions. Become independent from energy prices today >>
Future Development Plans
If you are planning for growth or expansion, it is important to consider these plans when estimating energy demand. The solar installation for the facility should be designed not only for current needs but also with future requirements in mind. The capabilities of the solar installation must meet future demands.
Monitoring and Optimization
Modern photovoltaic technology and energy management systems allow for real-time monitoring of energy consumption and optimization of solar installation performance. This enables businesses to continuously adjust their energy needs and maximize energy savings. The source of photovoltaic energy is under constant supervision.
The size of the solar installation for companies: Availability of space and solar installation possibilities
Manufacturing companies often have large roof areas or land that can be used for installing solar panels. Roofs of production halls, warehouses, and administrative buildings are ideal places for mounting solar panels, allowing for efficient use of available space and minimizing the need for additional land. Furthermore, ground-mounted solar farms (off-grid solar for industry) can be particularly beneficial for companies with extensive land not used for other purposes.
Companies can also take advantage of tax incentives, such as depreciation deductions for the purchase and installation of solar systems. Businesses can deduct costs related to the solar installation from their taxable income, reducing the total amount of income tax owed. This is a beneficial solution that reduces the financial burden on the company in the long term and simplifies the accounting for solar power in businesses.
Preferential loans for solar power
Many banks and financial institutions offer preferential loans for investments in renewable energy sources. These loans often feature low interest rates and flexible repayment terms, making them accessible to many businesses.
Solar system lease
Solar system lease is an increasingly popular form of financing, especially among companies that do not want or cannot bear the high initial costs associated with purchasing a system. Leasing allows for the costs to be spread over installments, making it easier for businesses to manage their finances.
Costs and profitability of industrial solar power. Savings for companies through solar installations
The profitability of solar power for industrial companies is undeniable. By conducting a precise analysis of energy consumption, understanding tariffs, consulting with experts, and considering future development plans, businesses can effectively implement solar systems, maximizing savings and supporting their sustainability goals. Optimal use of available spaces and leveraging available forms of financial support can further enhance the profitability of investments in solar power.
Independence from energy prices and energy savings
A solar installation for a facility allows a business to become independent from rising electricity prices. Generating its own energy protects the company from increasing energy costs, which is especially important for large manufacturing plants.
What is the payback period for solar power investment?
The payback period for an investment in solar power depends on various factors, such as the size of the installation, location, sunlight exposure, energy costs, and available forms of financial support. On average, the return on investment for a solar installation in industrial companies occurs within 5-7 years. However, it is important to remember that over time, due to increasing savings on electricity bills and potential income from selling surplus energy, the solar installation becomes increasingly profitable and helps optimize costs.
Costs and Profitability of Industrial Solar Power
The costs of installing solar power systems for industrial companies can vary significantly depending on several factors, such as:
system size,
type of solar panels,
installation location, and
level of sunlight exposure.
On average, the price for an industrial installation with a capacity of 100 kWp ranges from 300,000 to 500,000 PLN. For larger installations exceeding 1 MWp, the cost for solar power can reach between 2 to 4 million PLN, depending on technical specifications and the quality of components. However, thanks to available grants and tax incentives, the return on investment for solar power in industry can occur within just a few years. A more accurate estimation depends on the individual situation.
Choosing Solar Power for Industry: Types of Industrial Solar Installations
Companies can choose between different types of installations, including rooftop, ground-mounted, and hybrid systems that combine solar power with other energy sources, such as wind. Installations can also be integrated with energy storage systems.
The selection of solar panels for a facility depends on several factors, such as available space, sunlight conditions, and the specific energy needs of the facility. It is crucial that the panels are of high quality and possess the appropriate certifications.
Solar panel installation for a Company
How to install the system? The installation process involves several stages:
Energy audit
System design
Obtaining necessary permits
Installation of solar panels and inverters
Commissioning and testing the system
Professional installation ensures the efficiency and longevity of the system.
At Electrum, we are the general contractor for such projects. We are also responsible for designing the solar installation.
Industrial solar power, like any investment, comes with certain challenges. These include high initial costs, the need to obtain permits, and the management and maintenance of the system. Companies must also consider changing regulations regarding renewable energy.
Solar power for industrial use – Summary
The ideal solar solution for a company depends on its individual energy needs, the availability of installation space, budget, and business development strategy. For small and medium-sized enterprises, smaller rooftop installations may be beneficial, while large industrial facilities might find large ground-mounted solar farms or hybrid installations with energy storage to be ideal solutions. The key is to match the technology to specific conditions and needs, ensuring maximum savings and energy efficiency.
Solar power for industry is an investment that brings tangible financial and environmental benefits. With opportunities to reduce energy costs, available subsidies, and the increasing efficiency of technology, solar power is becoming a more viable solution for both small and large companies. A well-thought-out solar investment can significantly impact a company’s profitability and its contribution to sustainable development.
Electrum Group, a leading Polish Climate Tech business, has commenced the construction of the BeGreen operated and Equinor owned Ingerslev Å solar park in Denmark. As part of strategic expansion into new markets, Electrum will construct a PV farm with a capacity of 65.4 MWp on an area exceeding 67 hectares. As the PV EPC, Electrum is responsible for building and installing over 100,000 photovoltaic panels and six transformer stations. This project will contribute to the sustainable development of renewable energy in Denmark. The project is scheduled for completion in early 2025.
BeGreen, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Norwegian energy company Equinor, is a leading provider of large-scale solar parks and certified green energy. BeGreen’s business approach is based on the principle of 360-degree sustainable development, ensuring that each project is carried out with long-term benefits for the environment, local communities, and the economy.
Electrum and BeGreen: Synergy in Action
As the PV EPC, Electrum is responsible for the construction of Ingerslev Å PV park, including all construction, connection, and commissioning work for the entire photovoltaic farm. The company brings over 26 years of experience in implementing numerous renewable and hybrid energy projects throughout the Central and Eastern European region, striving for compliance with the highest technical and environmental standards.
The project will be delivered by up to 100 workers, who are responsible for the construction and installation of over 100,000 PV modules. The park will be equipped with six transformer stations with a total capacity of 9 MVA. The combined length of cable lines used in the project will exceed 600 km. Currently, the piles and structures are being installed on site.
– The commencement of our first photovoltaic project in Denmark is a milestone in our business. We are proud to leverage our extensive experience and expertise in a market where over 70% of electricity generation comes from renewable sources.It is also encouraging to see that from the blend of our holistic and creative approach to business and BeGreen’s unique environmental awareness, we have once again managed to create a beneficial business partnership for the alternative energy system of the future –stressed Tomasz Taff, Commercial Director at Electrum Holding.
Both Electrum Group and BeGreen prioritize supporting the communities in which they operate and preserving ecosystem integrity. BeGreen emphasizes the preservation of biodiversity through innovative programs aimed at environmental protection. This approach to responsible business practices fosters strong relationships with local communities and fosters the long-term, sustainable development of both companies.
– Our latest development in Denmark is a step toward our ambition to build a material and profitable solar portfolio in Northern Europe. We define energy transformation as a process that encompasses everything and everyone: from the smallest link in the supply chain to biodiversity. In the industry, we strive to deliver the highest and most uncompromising quality. Our partnership with Electrum as our PV EPC for the project falls in line with these efforts. Electrum has extensive experience and very high standards in the work they do, and both our companies also share a unique approach to renewable energy project development, as evidenced by our previous collaboration – said Cyrille de Baracé, CTO at BeGreen.
The Electrum Group, originating from Białystok, continues its expansion into foreign markets as one of the key elements of its international business development strategy.
About Electrum
The Electrum Group, based in Białystok, is a leading Polish Climate Tech business offering comprehensive solutions in the field of cutting-edge technologies for development, construction, and project management in the energy and information sectors. The technological maturity of its experts enables the delivery of products and services that address the needs of industry and business, adapting to the evolving energy transformation. Electrum develops and implements solutions for projects based on the concept of an individual energy mix, maintaining a balance between social and environmental responsibility and economic aspects.
Find out more about Electrum on our social media channels. Follow us on LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram.
About BeGreen
BeGreen is a Danish solar developer established in 2017 as part of the Bregentved Group. In November 2022, BeGreen was acquired by Equinor, and today BeGreen is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Norwegian energy company. BeGreen develops, builds and maintains large-scale solar parks in Denmark, Sweden, and Poland with a 360 degree approach to sustainability in all projects from cradle to grave. To date, BeGreen has built 9 utility-scale solar plants in Denmark with a total annual energy production of 650 GWh. This corresponds to the annual energy consumption of 200,000 people.
On June 23rd, two months ago, we celebrated International Women in Engineering Day. Established in 2014 by the UK’s Women’s Engineering Society, this day aims to increase the visibility of women in the engineering field. At Electrum, we thought, “What if the 23rd of every month became Women in Engineering Day?” 📢
Thus, on the occasion of another 23rd day of the month, we highlight some studies that, in our opinion, well illustrate what we should focus on to encourage more women to pursue careers in engineering and why this is so important in the context of the entire Climate Tech industry.
We start with quite positive data released by the European Union’s statistical office, Eurostat, in February this year: In Poland, in 2022, depending on the region, the percentage of female scientists and engineers ranged from 53% to 61%. In this regard, we outperform countries like the United Kingdom and Germany. The macro-eastern region, where Electrum is located, can boast 59%. However, data specifically on female engineers is somewhat less optimistic. According to the “Statistical Yearbook of Labour 2023,” a report prepared by Poland’s Central Statistical Office, women account for about 35% of all engineers in Poland. Bergman Engineering decided to examine their situation in Poland’s largest enterprises—after analyzing LinkedIn profiles, they found that the employment of female engineers in these companies may be as low as 16%.
Gender disparity in engineering environments worldwide, of course, varies by profession but is generally well-documented—it’s an issue that requires improvement because the benefits extend far beyond equality in statistics.
We believe that a truly sustainable future begins with diverse teams working towards it. To enjoy our planet’s beauty for as long as possible, it is essential to collaborate with highly talented and diverse teams of professionals. This means attracting and retaining women and other minority groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers, which play a fundamental role in the Climate Tech industry.
In 2020, the report “Women in Technology 2020” was published, carried out as part of the Shesnnovation Academy program by the Educational Foundation Perspektywy and Citi Foundation. The study surveyed a thousand Polish women identifying with the STEM field, where, overall, no more than 25% of women are present, as researchers indicate. According to the authors of the report, the role of women in the new technology sector is steadily growing, and this change is happening “from the ground up,” starting at the lowest levels. More and more women are choosing engineering studies. Over the ten years preceding 2020, the number of women studying at technical universities increased by 10%. It is worth noting that the number of female students at these universities is growing twice as fast as the number of male students. More women are also entering the high-tech industry, taking on higher management positions. The report described these changes as a “creeping revolution.”
How can this be supported, and how can we facilitate entry into the industry for those leading this change? The study “Mentorship in Engineering: Women, Inclusivity and Diversity – A challenge for our times,” conducted in 2023 by Breda Walsh Shanahan and Mary Doyle-Kent, highlights the key role of mentoring in this process. Mentoring not only supports theoretical development but also builds a sense of belonging. The study’s conclusion reads that regardless of gender or stereotypes, a novice female engineer or STEM graduate can develop her skills and benefit from the experience of a mentor who knows the professional culture and specifics. This strengthens the foundations of a more sustainable and diverse work environment. Another factor that promotes this is the overall visibility of positive role models who can encourage women to pursue an engineering path—their role is crucial both in the early years and in specific professional environments or companies.
In 2018, a report titled “Climate Control: Gender and Racial Bias in Engineering” prepared by the Society of Women Engineers presented findings that should certainly heighten awareness for all interested in this topic. The report was based on an examination of the biases women and people of color face in engineering workplaces. Hidden or unconscious biases can negatively impact the workplace atmosphere, influencing decisions regarding hiring, promotions, and compensation for women and other underrepresented minorities in engineering, preventing them from reaching managerial and senior management positions. Research indicated that nearly 40% of female engineers leave the profession mid-career. We believe that in 2024 the situation is improving, but it is still crucial to pay attention to all forms of discrimination in the workplace and effectively counteract them. This is also a well-documented issue and addressed by many reports and studies. The role of a modern company is to anticipate this and support the revolution that brings us closer to a better future.
Another key issue is that diverse teams mean a better work environment and, simply put, better results. This is not just about gender—age, cultural background, and different areas of expertise also matter. We are close to the statement that diversity of perspectives leads to more comprehensive problem analysis and better solutions. However, McKinsey & Company’s research “Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters” emphasizes that diversity alone is not enough. It is essential to create an inclusive work environment where all employees feel valued and have equal opportunities for development.
We hope that the work environment we create at Electrum is perceived this way among our employees. Looking ahead, we see the need to align with the philosophy of Industry 5.0—a new era of industry where technology collaborates with humans, and diversity and sustainability become key elements. One step we see on the horizon is considering how to effectively attract more female engineers to our team.
We also want to take a closer look at how female engineers already employed with us feel. Following another report by McKinsey & Company, “Women in the Workplace 2023,” we want to track outcomes that support the development of women. As in other areas of our activity, in terms of diversity and inclusivity goals, we want to focus on transparency. We know that this not only motivates engagement but also strengthens the sense of support in the organization, which supports the long-term professional development of minority members. These are issues worth considering if the ultimate goal is to most effectively support innovation. This is a pillar on which the entire Climate Tech industry continuously stands (and we stand with it).
Of course, it would be a mistake to conclude that the challenges women face in engineering are limited to this industry. This is part of a broader social model, whose change requires our concrete actions. But before we take them, it’s worth considering how and why the world around us looks the way it does. Then, think about how we can contribute to making it easier for future generations of women—and today’s girls—not only in historically and currently male-dominated fields but essentially in the society we are building today.
At Electrum, we want to build a truly sustainable, innovative future and harness the full potential of what can guarantee it.
Sources:
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Hybrid renewable energy systems are facilities that use more than one source of clean energy generation. These are advanced systems that combine different renewable technologies, such as solar and wind energy, to increase production efficiency. In Poland, due to favorable weather conditions, we most often invest in solar and wind energy.
In the long term, we can expect various combinations of energy sources, such as water-sun or water-wind connections. However, at the moment, the most accessible and efficient solution is a combination of solar and wind energy, which complement each other perfectly, enabling stable energy production throughout the day.
Other technologies, such as pumped-storage power plants, which rely on water-generated energy, are less common in Poland. Pumped-storage power plants require specific geographical conditions and significant initial investments, limiting their widespread use.
One of the first large-scale hybrid power plant in Poland is the Kleczew Solar & Wind Park.
We talk with Kamil Kozicki, an expert from Electrum, about Kleczew and explain how modern hybrid installations contribute to the energy transition. We also discuss the current legal status of such installations and the reasons why investing in them is worthwhile.
How does the Kleczew Solar & Wind Park work?
In Kleczew, we have two integrated energy sources: a photovoltaic (PV) farm and a wind farm. The PV farm has a maximum capacity of 193 MW (AC), with an installed capacity in the PV modules of 250 MWp. This means that the system is oversized by 30%, allowing for stable energy supply even under varying weather conditions. The second facility, the wind farm, consists of four Nordex N133 turbines, each with a capacity of 4.8 MW, totaling 19.2 MW of installed capacity. However, due to connection limitations, we can currently only deliver 11.7 MW of wind power. The connection capacity, or the maximum power we can deliver to the grid based on the connection agreement, is 204 MW for both energy sources combined.
The common point of connection between the PV farm and the wind farm is the Main Offtake Point (GPO). Thanks to the hybrid installation, the energy produced by these farms is transmitted via a single high-voltage cable. This optimizes transmission infrastructure and reduces costs.
How does Kleczew stand out among other hybrid facilities in Poland?
It is the first farm on such a large scale. The first with connection terms issued that explicitly indicate two energy sources in the connection agreement. This means it was clear from the beginning that this is a hybrid facility. Previously, micro-installations combining photovoltaics with a few wind turbines were developed, but here we have a large-scale facility with 250 MWp of solar power and 19.2 MW of wind power (installed capacity). The facility is controlled by Electrum’s proprietary solution, the Renedium master controller, enabling the creation of a unique ecosystem.
So, before Kleczew, connection agreements did not include two energy sources?
Until now, the connection agreements and connection terms I dealt with at Electrum specified a single energy source. Kleczew is the first wind solar farm we have implemented where two energy sources are explicitly defined – it was designed and implemented as a hybrid installation.
A single transmission line for two sources is also used in cable pooling. How do hybrid installations differ from cable pooling?
Both approaches aim to optimize the use of renewable energy, but they differ in methods and infrastructure. Cable pooling focuses on using transmission infrastructure by sharing a single line between different renewable energy installations. However, these installations are independent of each other and cannot fully utilize their potential. Therefore, wind solar farms go a step further. They integrate different renewable technologies in one location to increase the reliability and efficiency of energy production. It is an entire system designed to complement each other and work together.
Kleczew is designed to effectively utilize the available renewable energy resources under different weather conditions. Both installations operate simultaneously. When the PV farm is not working due to weather conditions or time of day, the wind farm operates, and the facility continues to generate renewable energy, ensuring continuous production.
In cable pooling, the wind farm could share a line with the photovoltaic farm, using the same transmission infrastructure to reduce costs, maximize productivity, and increase profits for the investor. As a solar wind hybrid system, Kleczew not only shares infrastructure but also combines different renewable energy technologies in one location. Photovoltaic panels and wind turbines are integrated to complement each other, providing more stable and efficient energy production throughout the day. Moreover, as I mentioned, the agreement clearly defines that it is a facility with two energy sources.
What is the process of testing and commissioning a hybrid facility?
We are subject to standard network code procedures that we must follow. These apply to all stages, from obtaining permission to energize (EON), through temporary permission to operate (ION), to final operational permission (FON). At Electrum, we comprehensively carry out all the procedures necessary to commission the facility, from conducting necessary simulations to performing compliance tests. To ensure everything runs smoothly, SCADA-type software* is also required. In Kleczew, Electrum’s proprietary solutions – the EMACS software and Renedium, which houses a built-in master controller that integrates all energy sources, overseeing and controlling them.
A wind farm can operate continuously, regardless of day or night, depending on wind conditions. The solar farm, on the other hand, operates at specific hours, dependent on the sun. The key word here is efficiency. Primarily, hybrid installations allow more efficient use of connection capacity and, to some extent, can substitute solar with wind or wind with solar. In Kleczew, we have not yet fully utilized the connection capacity, and together with the investor, we are working towards that goal.
Does Electrum intend to focus on renewableenergyhybridsystems?
We will certainly encourage investors towards such solutions. It is an attractive prospect – fully utilizing connection capacity and maximizing profits. There are projects under discussion, such as adding wind turbines to an existing solar farm.
What currently holds investors back from hybrid projects?
Primarily issues related to connection agreements and issuing technical connection conditions. The process requires the investor to first approach the electricity network operator and obtain approval for a renewableenergyhybridsystems. At this stage, various nuances arise, such as the definition of a hybrid installation and the lack of uniform regulations. Whether it will be a hybrid, where a wind farm is expanded with solar power or vice versa, or a new independent installation connected to another in a cable pooling option. Currently, regulations governing hybrid installations are in the process of being developed. There is a lack of uniform, general guidelines that clearly define technical requirements, procedures, and standards. As appropriate regulations develop and support for hybrid projects increases, these barriers may gradually be reduced. This will open the door to broader application of hybrid installations. Of course, this does not mean that the current barriers cannot be overcome. Kleczew is the best example of this.
Which country sets a good example?
A great example from abroad is Denmark, a leader in hybrid power plants. Denmark successfully operates hybrid renewable energy farms that combine wind turbines with photovoltaic installations and energy storage systems. For example, the hybrid farm in Lem Kær, which integrates various renewable energy sources and energy storage systems.
An energy storage system is also planned for Kleczew. How will energy storage impact the installation?
Introducing energy storage will allow us to overcome the current limitations imposed on the farm. The photovoltaic farm in Kleczew has a capacity of 250 MWp, of which we can effectively use 193 MW. A similar situation applies to the wind farm – out of four turbines with a capacity of 4.8 MW each, we can effectively use only 11.7 MW. These limitations result from the connection agreement. The facility can continue to be expanded. Currently, we have 204 MW of connection capacity, and we are ready to continuously transmit 240 MW to PSE.
Energy storage will allow excess energy that currently cannot be transmitted to the grid due to contractual limitations to be stored. In practice, this means that surplus energy that cannot be directly utilized will be stored. In moments when energy production from solar and wind is lower, the energy storage system will be able to release the stored energy to the grid. This will allow for more consistent energy delivery to the grid, avoiding sudden drops and spikes in power.
Energy storage will enable more efficient management of the farm’s energy production. Solar energy is produced mainly from late morning to early afternoon, after which it decreases. Wind energy production, on the other hand, can be more variable. Energy storage will smooth out these fluctuations, allowing energy to be delivered to the grid in a more stable and consistent manner.
Introducing energy storage also opens up possibilities for further expansion of the farm. With energy storage, we can increase the installation’s capacity. Excess energy can be stored and used during times of higher demand. For example, if we have 204 MW of connection capacity, the storage system will allow us to maintain maximum power for longer periods under ideal conditions at midday when energy production is highest.
Are hybridrenewableenergysystems the future of renewable energy? Is this the direction in which renewable energy will expand more broadly?
It is certainly one of the directions. It all comes down to making these energy sources as flexible and efficient as possible. The demand for energy from the grid is not uniform. There are hours when energy is needed more, and others when it is needed less. The broader application of hybrid farms, additionally with energy storage, will allow for better alignment with demand.
Another related issue is the distribution network in Poland. We have problems with energy transmission. On weekends, there is usually too much energy. That’s the situation we have. The operator does not want to receive this energy on weekends and signals to shut down or limit production from the farm. In the worst case, penalties and negative energy prices may appear during this time. If we have a hybridrenewableenergysystems with energy storage, we can adapt our production to the conditions – shut down or reduce the power of the photovoltaic installation while the wind farm continues to operate.
The hybridpower plants can also operate entirely independently of the grid. With energy storage, we can store energy and utilize it according to our needs without relying on the grid operator.
In the long run, we can expect hybrid power plants to become more widespread. Investors and operators will increasingly rely on these advanced energy solutions. Hybrid systems can provide more flexible and efficient energy production, especially with energy storage, and become an important part of Poland’s energy mix.
If you have any further questions, feel free to contact us.
In this article, we present the key steps how to start a solar farm. Building a solar photovoltaic power plant is certainly not easy. Most stages require the help of specialists, but before reaching out for their assistance, it is worth understanding the process of constructing a solar farm.
The stages of establishing a solar farm can be divided into design stages (site selection, administrative procedures, construction design) and execution stages (solar farm and accompanying infrastructure construction, electrical connections and testing). Following these stages, there are also aspects related to the effective management of the installation, which will impact the future of the farm.
Quick Facts:
In 2023, solar installations accounted for about 60% of the installed capacity in the entire renewable energy sector, according to the latest report from the Institute of Renewable Energy. This means that photovoltaics lead the way in the renewable energy sector.
By the end of 2023, Poland’s photovoltaic capacity reached 17.08 GW, saving around 23 million tons of CO2 emissions, according to the IEO report.
Based on photovoltaic installation capacity, we distinguish between small and large farms. A small farm is an installation with a capacity ranging from 50 kWp to 1 MW. A large photovoltaic installation has a capacity above 1 MW.
A photovoltaic power plant is an installation with a capacity of 1 MW or more.
To install a 1 MW photovoltaic power plant, approximately 2 hectares of land are required.
How to start a solar farm? Design Stages of Creating a solar power plant
1. Choosing the Location: Finding the Right Land for Photovoltaics
Where to begin? The most important step is choosing the location for the photovoltaic farm, which must take into account many factors such as land suitability for the investment, sunlight availability, and proximity to the grid infrastructure. A suitable location for a photovoltaic farm is one that primarily:
Utilizes land with low agricultural value (requirements for solar farms include land of class IV or lower), which does not block areas capable of food production, simplifies administrative procedures, and also reduces the investment cost.
Is well-sunlit, where sunlight availability is the measure of the amount of solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface within a specified time, expressed in kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²) per day. Determining sunlight availability allows for a preliminary assessment of how much solar energy can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic panels, and thus a preliminary assessment of the photovoltaic farm’s profitability.
It allows for the proper placement of PV panels, which is best ensured by flat terrain; however, it is possible to optimally utilize land with a slight slope towards the south.
Proximity to grid infrastructure is another important factor, which means more favorable conditions for connecting the photovoltaic farm to the power grid. This directly impacts the construction costs and profitability of the photovoltaic farm. Locating the farm near existing transmission lines and transformer stations simplifies the procedures, so the recommended distance of the investment from the power grid is a maximum of 200 meters. Specific requirements for this distance may vary depending on local regulations and technical possibilities.
It is located at an appropriate distance from residential buildings or public utility areas. It is generally accepted that the minimum distance from buildings is about 100 meters, which minimizes potential nuisances related to noise and light reflections. Actual requirements may depend on local regulations and the specifics of the project.
2. Project Procedures: Required Permits and Legal Regulations
If you have a plot of land that meets the initial criteria for establishing a photovoltaic farm, it is important to verify whether a solar farm can be built on that area. This involves considering legal regulations, such as environmental conditions, the local zoning plan, or other administrative decisions for the land.
Local Zoning Plan
If a local zoning plan exists for the area, you must check whether it allows the construction of a photovoltaic farm. If the LZP permits the construction of solar farms, the investor must comply with all the conditions outlined in the plan. If the LZP does not allow for the construction of such farms, an application must be submitted to amend the plan, which can be a lengthy and tedious process. In the absence of an LZP, it is necessary to apply for a decision on building conditions.
Environmental Decision
Obtaining permits also involves securing an Environmental Decision (ED). This is required when the area covered by the outer edges of the panels exceeds 0.5 hectares in protected areas or 2 hectares in other areas. The requirements for obtaining an ED include conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which involves preparing an environmental report, holding public consultations, and obtaining opinions from various institutions. The decision is issued by the mayor, town mayor, or city president.
Building Permit
After obtaining the ED and meeting the requirements of the LZP, it is necessary to secure a building permit. This process includes preparing a detailed construction design and submitting an application to the appropriate architectural and construction administration authority. The building permit specifies the detailed building conditions for the photovoltaic farm, including the technical and legal requirements that the investment must meet.
Connection to the Power Grid
Required permits also include a document issued by the Distribution System Operator (DSO) or Transmission System Operator (TSO) that outlines the technical requirements for connecting the installation to the National Power System (NPS). This process involves a technical analysis, potential connection fees, and compliance with specified technical standards.
For commercial photovoltaic farms and those with a capacity exceeding 1 MW, a license for the production and further sale of energy from the photovoltaic farm is required. Obtaining a license involves submitting an application to the Energy Regulatory Office (ERO). This process includes presenting a detailed construction project of the photovoltaic farm, technical documentation, and obtaining the previously mentioned administrative and environmental permits. The license is essential for the legal operation of the farm and the sale of energy from the photovoltaic farm to the power grid.
Solar Farm Construction Project: Formalities Before Construction
Before obtaining a building permit, it is necessary to prepare a photovoltaic installation project, which involves creating detailed technical documentation, including the site development plan, architectural and construction design, and technical design.
Site Development Plan
The first step is to create a site development plan, which includes the layout of photovoltaic panels, access roads, technical infrastructure, and other elements necessary for the operation of the solar farm. This plan must take into account the topography of the land, its sunlight exposure, and the existing infrastructure.
Architectural and Construction Design
The next component is the architectural and construction design, which includes detailed technical solutions for the supporting structures of the panels, foundations, fences, and other construction elements. This design must comply with all building codes and technical requirements.
Technical Design
Simultaneously, a technical design is developed, which contains detailed information on the electrical installation, monitoring systems, fire protection, and other technical systems necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the photovoltaic farm. This design also includes the technical specifications of the equipment used and the materials from which various installation elements will be made.
Finding the right location, dealing with all the necessary administrative and legal steps, and creating various designs – the design process of setting up a photovoltaic farm is demanding. A sensible solution is to seek the help of specialists. At Electrum, we manage investment projects from concept to managing energy production from the photovoltaic farm.
How to Start a Solar Farm? Execution Stages of Creating a PV Farm
Once the building permit is obtained, the construction of the photovoltaic farm can begin, which involves several key stages. How do you start the construction?
1. Preparing the Site for Construction
The first step in building a photovoltaic farm is preparing the site for the installation of PV panels. This process includes removing any obstacles, leveling the ground, and preparing the foundations that will ensure the stability of the entire structure. The foundations must be properly designed and constructed to meet the requirements of the photovoltaic farm construction.
2. Installation of PV Panels
The next stage is the installation of the panels. The panels are mounted on the prepared foundations in a layout that maximizes the use of available sunlight. The construction of a photovoltaic panel farm must be precise to ensure the efficiency and durability of the solar power plant. The installation also includes setting up the supporting structures and systems to protect against various weather conditions.
3. Electrical Connections and Testing
After the panels are installed, the next step involves electrical connections and testing, which are crucial to confirm that the entire system is functioning correctly, meeting energy safety requirements, and complying with technical standards. The procedures related to electrical testing include verifying connections and checking the performance of the modules.
Once everything is ready, a visit to the Distribution System Operator is necessary to finalize the agreement and conduct the final inspection.
The execution phase of the investment takes relatively little time. For a 1 MW farm, this stage typically takes about 2-3 months. The most time-consuming part is the design phase, with a strong focus on obtaining approvals and administrative decisions. The entire process (both phases) can take up to 2.5-3 years.
Costs of Building a Photovoltaic Farm and Financing the Investment
The cost of constructing a 1 MW solar farm depends on many factors. Estimates vary based on variables such as natural conditions, project support costs, material prices, construction costs, and the price of systems and technologies used to manage the farm. The cost of such a farm can range between 2,000,000 and 4,000,000 PLN (440,000 to 920,000 EUR.)
If sufficient capital is not available, there are several ways to finance the construction of a photovoltaic farm. Besides loans, one option for securing funds is to take advantage of photovoltaic subsidies. The development of renewable energy in Poland and the growth of photovoltaic farms has led to increased opportunities in this area. Available options include, among others, EU Funds for 2021-2027, as well as regional programs.
How much to start a solar farm?
The profitability of a photovoltaic farm depends on many factors, including total construction costs, financing methods, production efficiency, and energy sales conditions, making it unique to each project.
To illustrate the earnings from a farm, we can use a simplified calculation. Assuming annual production of 1,100 MWh and a price of 600 PLN per MWh, the annual revenue can be calculated as follows:
1,100 MWh/year * 600 PLN/MWh = 660,000 PLN/year After 8 years, the total revenue would be: 5,280,000 PLN (1,160,000 to 1,210,000 EUR).
A photovoltaic investment can be very beneficial, especially in the context of growing demand for renewable energy and the availability of various forms of funding. After a few years, which yield a return on investment, the farm enters a period of steady and stable income, which is the profit from the farm.
Different types of solar power plants generate different revenues. Depending on the purpose of the farm’s construction and the business model, the energy produced by the photovoltaic farm may be intended for self-consumption or for sale.
Monitoring and Management
Professional management of a photovoltaic farm through effective monitoring ensures the maximization of profits, extension of the power plant’s lifespan, and helps reduce maintenance costs by enabling quick responses to potential issues.
Read more about solar farm monitoring methods at Electrum:
Building Information Modeling (BIM) integrates physical and functional characteristics of building projects into digital models, offering a comprehensive view of structures under various conditions.
BIM: Revolutionizing Wind Farm Design
The adoption of BIM in the wind farm sector enables designers and engineers to create detailed digital replicas of turbines and farms, optimizing processes before construction of wind farm begins.
Project Optimization Through BIM
BIM allows for detailed analysis at the design stage, identifying the most efficient solutions in terms of energy efficiency, safety, and environmental impact.
Cost and Time Reduction
BIM goes beyond 3D modeling, reducing costs and timelines by detecting potential issues early, avoiding many construction errors.
Sustainable Development and BIM
BIM is crucial in designing sustainable wind farms, enabling precise planning of material and energy use for higher efficiency and minimal environmental impact.
BIM and the Future of Wind Farms
BIM ensures meticulous planning and optimization in wind farm construction, leading to more efficient, economical, and eco-friendly projects.
Conclusion: BIM technology Is the Future
BIM is not just future technology but is already revolutionizing wind farm design, creating more efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly renewable energy sources.
Introduction to BIM technology: What Is It?
BIM and the Future of Wind Farms
